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This section is by no means complete. Any errors are entirely our fault. We
may mangle the Japanese language to some degree and we apologize in advance.
Comments, corrections, and contributions are always welcome.
The Japanese Language
Written Japanese comes in three kinds:
- KANJI: Ideographs and Chinese characters conveying whole ideas.
- KANA: Phonetic syllabry. There are two kinds of Kana:
- HIRAGANA: Curvalinear symbols.
- KATAKANA: Linear symbols. Often used for foreign words.
- ROMAJI: Kanji and Kana transliterated into Roman letters.
There are several systems of transliterating Japanses characters into Roman
characters. In this site we shall use a modified Hepburn system. Japanese
syllables are the free standing vowels, the free standing N, and consonants
combined with vowels. Each syllable is stressed equally.
Most Japanese vowels are short vowels. The occassional long vowel is
equivalent to two continuous short vowels and is usually represented with an
overscored letter. Overscored letters are not cross platform, so we shall just
assume them, e.g. "Kyoto" is assumed to have overscores on the o's.
| a |
i |
u |
e |
o |
| Ah, |
we |
soon |
get |
old. |
| fAther |
Ink |
flUte |
End |
Oatmeal |
You may also consider consulting these Japanese <-> English
Dictionaries:
Body Parts
- atama
- head
- kao
- face
- kubi
- necks
- hofu
- collarbones
- kata
- shoulder
- wanjun
- dorsal surface of the upper arm, the fold between the biceps and triceps
- empi
- elbow (aka hiji)
- hikuzume
- lateral surface of the elbow (aka chukitsu)
- ude
- arm, esp forearm (aka wan: arm) (aka wanto: sword arm) (aka shubo: stick
arm) (aka zenwan: forearm) (aka maeude: forearm)
- tekubi
- wrist (aka koken)
- uchi shakautaku
- palm side of the wrist
- soto shakutaku
- dorsal surface of the wrist, the back hand side
- naiwan
- inner side of arm (as viewed palm up), pinkyulna side
- gaiwan
- outer side of arm, thumb radius side
- haiwan
- lower side of arm, back side
- shuwan
- upper side of arm, palm side
- te
- hand
- hiki te
- withdrawing hand
- yubi
- finger
- sho
- palm
- ko
- back of hand
- shuko
- back of the hand, either muscle or bone
- ken
- closed fist
- seiken
- fore fist
- uraken
- back fist
- kentsui
- hammer fist (aka shutsui: hammer hand) (aka tettsui: iron hammer)
- ippon ken
- index finger knuckle fist
- nakadaka ken
- middle finger knuckle fist
- hiraken
- fore knuckle fist
- kaisho
- open hand (aka hiraku te)
- shuto
- sword hand, knife hand
- haito
- ridge hand
- haishu
- back hand
- nukite
- spear hand (aka shihon nukite: four-finger spear hand)
- ippon
- nukite one-finger spear hand
- nihon
- nukite two-finger spear hand
- teisho
- heel of the palm
- seiryuto
- ox jaw hand
- kumade
- bear hand
- washide
- eagle hand
- keito
- chicken head wrist
- kakuto
- bent wrist
- koku
- tiger mouth
- mune
- chest
- waki
- armpits
- chichi
- nipple
- hara
- mid-section; stomach; the large area extending from the bottom of the
pelvis to just beneath the rib cage
- koshi
- hips, sides
- kafabuku
- abdomen
- tanden
- the center of gravity in the lower abdomen (aka tan tien)
- seika-tanden
- physical, spiritual, and emotional center
- sokumen
- side (aka gawa)
- ashi
- leg and foot
- soku
- foot
- ashikubi
- ankle
- koshi
- ball of the foot (aka chusoku) (aka josokutei: raised sole)
- teisoku
- sole of the foot (aka haisoku)
- sokuto
- sword foot, outer edge
- kakato
- bottom of the heel (aka ensho: round heel)
- ushiro kakato
- back of the heel
- haisoku
- instep (aka ashiko)
- tsumasaki
- toe tips
- shittsui
- hammer knee (aka hizagashira: knee cap) (aka hiza: knee)
- momo
- thigh
- atemi
- the body, esp. the vital points (aka kyu sho) (aka jintai kyusho) (aka
kyusho)
- kansetsu
- joint
- jodan
- neck and above
- hitai
- forehead
- tendo
- coronal suture at the top of the skull
- tento
- region between the tendo and the hitai
- kasumi
- temple
- seidon
- circumorbital region, above and below the eye
- gansei
- eyeball
- uto
- glabella, the space between the eyes
- jinchu
- midline of upper lip
- gekon
- just below the lower lip
- miazuki
- mandible base, the lower ridge of the jaw (aka ago)
- kakon
- chin
- mimi
- ear
- dokko
- concavity behind the ear, near the jaw
- kube
- neck
- matsukaze
- side of the neck
- murasame
- spraclavicular fossa, the sides of the throat just above the collar bone
- hichu
- suprasternal notch, the bottom center of the throat
- keichu
- the third intervertebral space at the back of the neck
- chudan
- neck to navel
- tanchu
- sternal angle, mid sternum, between the hichu and the suigetsu
- kyosen
- xiphoid process, lowest part of the sternum
- suigetsu
- solar plexus, concavity just below the sternum
- myojo
- just below the umbilicus (aka tanden)
- kyoei
- fourth intercostal space, below the armpits
- ganka
- below the nipples, between the fifth and sixth ribs
- denko
- hyppochondriac region, the seventh intercostal space, lower ribs,
affecting the liver on the right, the spleen on the left
- inazuma
- lumbar region, the eleventh intercostal space, the bottom of the rib
cage
- hayauchi
- middle of the scapular ridges, the inner shoulder blades at the level of
the third intercostal ridge
- kassatsu
- space between the fifth and sixth throraic vertebrae, just below
hayauchi
- ushiro denko
- the sides of the ninth and eleventh vertebrae, the kidneys (aka
shakkatsu denko)
- bitei
- tip of the spine
- gedan
- navel to knees
- kinteki
- testicles
- yako
- inguinal region, the inner region of the upper thigh
- fukuto
- lateral part of the middle lower thigh
- ushiro inazuma
- gluteal fold, where the hamstrings join the buttocks
- kusanagi
- lower part of the soleus muscle, the inner lower calf muscle
- hiza shita
- knees and below
- naike
- meial malleolus, just below the inside surface of the ankle (aka
uchikurubushi) (aka uchikurobushi)
- kori
- instep, slightly on the inside
- soin
- instep, slightly on the outside (aka kusagakure)
- kokotsu
- middle fibula, the shins (aka mukozune
Dynamics
- kihon
- basics, fundamental practice
- katachi
- form, refers to technique execution
- ryoku
- techniques focused and supported bodily
- waza
- techniques (aka jutsu)
- oi
- non-reverse form
- gyaku
- reverse form
- ura
- opposite directiction
- joho
- upward (aka tate)
- otoshi
- downward
- naiho
- inward
- gaiho
- outward
- mawashi
- circling or roundhouse
- kizami
- leading side technique
- sassai
- supported, augmented
- kime
- decisive
- henka
- changing
- renzoku
- alternating
- renraku
- combination
- dan
- continuous
- morote
- double
- sutemi
- last-chance
- ate
- smashing
- tsukami yose
- grasping-pulling
- harau
- parrying
- kensai
- feinting
- tokui
- favorite
- tobi
- jumping
- kuzushi
- unbalancing the opponent
- nage
- throwing
- tachi
- hip and hand techniques from standing up
- sutemi
- body-drop techniques using one's own weight while oneself is falling
- katame
- grappling, wrestling, holding, and locking (aka kumiuchi) (aka ne: lying
down techniques)
- osae
- holding (aka osaekomi)
- shime
- strangling
- hataka jime
- naked strangles (aka hadaka jime)
- juji jime
- cross strangles with lapel
- okuri eri jime
- sliding lapel strangles
- kansetsu
- joint locking
- kake
- tripping
- sori te
- throwing over
- hineri te
- twisting
- maki
- snaking-swirling-wrapping
- ukemi
- falling, receiving a blow
- atemi
- vital point striking
- kingeri
- groin kicks
- kyodo
- movement
- hayaku
- move with speed
- otoshmi
- falling
- tobi
- jumping
- hineri
- twist
- kaiten
- turn (aka mawatte)
- mawatte
- turn around
- koshi no kaiten
- hip rotation
- jun kaiten
- regular rotation, technique and rotation are in the same direction
- gyaku kaiten
- reverse rotation, technique and rotation are in the opposite direction
- sabaki
- controlled body motion
- tai sabaki
- strategic body movement
- kokeru koto
- evasions
- tenshin
- body shifting
- hoko
- walking
- unsoku
- fundamental leg movements
- soku waza
- foot work
- deai ashi
- stepping in like regular walking (aka ayumi ashi) (aka aruki)
- jiku ashi
- pivot leg
- do kyaku
- moving leg
- fumi dashi
- stepping in gliding
- fumi komi
- stepping in rising and stomping
- okuri ashi
- stepping in with the lead foot, then bringing the rear foot close behind
- tobikomi ashi
- leaping shifting, like okuri ashi, but in just one big leap
- yori ashi
- stepping in with both feet moving the same distance at the same time,
sliding the feet
- suri ashi
- stepping in part of the way with the rear foot, then continuing with the
other foot
- tsugi ashi
- like suri ashi but stepping in just past halfway
- nasumi ashi
- stealing foot movement, moving or changing direction without showing it
(aka nusumi ashi)
- kawashi
- switching feet
- nagashi ashi
- flowing foot, usually 45 degrees.
- mae ashi
- front foot only
- ura ashi
- rear foot only
- dachi ashi
- neither foot moving
- hiraki ashi
- side shifting
- nige ashi
- escape by shifting stance
- suberikomi
- sliding in and dropping
- mawarikomi
- circling with moving leg
- irimi
- sudden movement into the opponent's blind side
- keri nuke
- movement to the opponent's back side
Stances
- dachi
- stances, position of the lower body (aka tachikata)
- shizen tai
- natural position stances group, no knee tension
- heisoku dachi
- semi-formal attention stance, heels and toes together
- musubi dachi
- semi-formal attention stance, heels together and toes apart
- heiko dachi
- feet shoulder width, feet parallel
- hachinoji dachi
- feet shoulder width, toes out (aka hachiji dachi) (aka shizen tai)
- uchi hachinoji dachi
- feet shoulder width, toes in (aka uchi hachiji dachi)
- teiji dachi
- T stance
- renoji dachi
- L stance
- kihon dachi
- basic stances
- kiba burui
- outer knee tension stances group
- kiba dachi
- horse stance
- zenkutsu dachi
- front stance
- kokutsu dachi
- back stance
- fudo dachi
- rooted stance (aka sochin dachi: sochin stance)
- shiko dachi
- square stance
- kosa dachi
- crossed feet stance
- hangetsu burui
- inner knee tension stances group
- hangetsu dachi
- half moon stance
- sanchin dachi
- hourglass stance
- neko ashi dachi
- cat leg stance
- sagi ashi dachi
- heron leg stance (aka ippon ashi dachi: one-legged stance)
- ashi orishiku dachi
- down on one knee stance, rifleman stance (aka iaigoshi dachi: kneeling
stance)
- kumite dachi
- sparring stances (higher and freer variations of each of the above) (aka
ju dachi)
- kamae
- posture; position; refers to entire body (aka shisei)
- kamakata
- posture; position; refers to upper body
- kamaeru
- to take a posture
- muki
- facing
- shomen
- front facing (aka mae) (aka zempo)
- migi yoko
- right side
- hidari yoko
- left side
- naname
- diagonally (aka kesa)
- hanmi
- half sideways facing
- mae hanmi
- front facing
- gyaku hanmi
- reverse half sideways facing
- ushiro
- rear (aka koho)
- shita
- down
- fuse no shisei
- go to the ground position
- manji kamae
- facing the side with a gedan barai while the rear hand is in jodan uchi
uke
- sono mama
- as it is
Defense
- te ude uke waza
- hand and forearm blocking techniques
- sekiwan uke
- one handed blocks
- ryowan uke
- two handed blocks (aka morote)
- kaiten uke
- wheel block
- sukui uke
- scooping block
- kake te
- hooking block
- hiki te
- pulling in block
- harai te
- sweeping block
- kakae te
- trapping block
- kakiwake
- opening block
- jodan uke
- upper body blocks
- joho uke
- down to up blocks
- age uke
- rising block
- kakuto uke
- bent wrist block
- keito uke
- chicken head wrist block
- age teisho uke
- rising palm heel block
- shuto juji uke
- sword hand x block, haiwan side
- naiho uke
- out to in blocks
- soto ude uke
- inward forearm block
- mawashi teisho uke
- roundhouse palm heel block
- te nagashi uke
- sweeping hand block
- mawashi keito uke
- roundhouse chicken head wrist block
- morote tsukami uke
- two handed grasping block
- gaiho uke
- in to out blocks
- uchi ude uke
- outward forearm block
- shuto uke
- sword hand block
- kake shuto uke
- hooking sword hand block
- tate shuto uke
- vertical sword hand block
- haishu uke
- back hand block
- gaiwan nagashi uke
- sweeping outside of forearm block(1:00)
- haiwan nagashi uke
- sweeping back of forearm block (2:00)
- naiwan nagashi uke
- sweeping inside of forearm block (3:00)
- morote uke
- augmented forearm block
- sokumen awase uke
- two handed side block
- chudan uke
- middle body blocks
- otoshi uke
- up to down blocks
- otoshi ude uke
- downward forearm block
- maeude deai osae uke
- pressing forearm block
- otoshi teisho uke
- downward palm heel block
- te osae uke
- pressing hand block
- seiryuto uke
- ox jaw block
- tekubi kake uke
- hooking wrist block
- naiho uke
- out to in blocks
- soto ude uke
- inward forearm block (aka soto uke)
- mawashi teisho uke
- roundhouse palm heel block
- te nagashi uke
- sweeping hand block
- morote tsukami uke
- two-handed grasping block
- mawashi empi uke
- roundhouse elbow block
- gaiho uke
- in to out blocks
- uchi ude uke
- outward forearm block (aka uchi uke)
- shuto uke
- sword hand block, knife hand block
- tate shuto uke
- vertical sword hand block
- kake shuto uke
- hooking sword hand block
- haishu uke
- back hand block
- kakuto uke
- bent wrist block
- keito uke
- chicken head wrist block
- morote uke
- augmented forearm block
- haito uke
- outward ridge hand block
- bassai uke
- bassai block
- kakiwake uke
- wedge block, palms down
- gyaku kakiwake uke
- reverse wedge block, palms up
- gedan uke
- lower body blocks
- otoshi uke
- up to down blocks
- otoshi teisho uke
- downward palm heel block
- otoshi seiryuto uke
- downward ox jaw block
- ken juji uke
- fist x block
- teisho awase uke
- combined palm heel block
- naiho uke
- out to in block
- gaiwan gedan uke
- downward outside-forearm block
- soto shuto uke
- inward sword hand block
- soto sukui uke
- inward scooping block
- morote sukui uke
- scooping two-handed block
- gaiho uke
- in to out block
- gedan barai
- downward forearm block
- uchi shuto uke
- outward sword hand block
- tekubi kake uke
- hooking wrist block
- soto sukui uke
- outward scooping block
- ashi uke waza
- leg blocking techniques
- gedan ashi uke
- lower leg blocks
- soto ashibo kake uke
- inward hooking leg block
- uchi ashibo kake uke
- outward hooking leg block
- kakato uke
- heel blocks
- gyaku mawashi otoshi kakato uke
- reverse roundhouse downward heel block
- mawashi otoshi kakato uke
- roundhouse downward heel block
- ashi uke
- foot blocks
- sokuto gyaku mawashi uke
- reverse roundhouse sword foot block
- teisoku mawashi uke
- roundhouse sole-foot block
- nami gaeshi
- inside snapping foot block
Offense
- tsuki waza
- punching techniques
- tsuki
- one handed punches (aka zuki)
- choku zuki
- punch from shizen tai (aka jun zuki)
- oi zuki
- punch from kihon dachi with the same leg forward
- gyaku zuki
- punch from kihon dachi with the opposite leg forward
- tate zuki
- vertical fist punch
- kizami zuki
- punch with lead hand, jab (aka mae ken zuki)
- age zuki
- rising punch
- mawashi zuki
- roundhouse punch
- kagi zuki
- hook punch
- ura zuki
- close punch (aka shita zuki)
- furi zuki
- punch between mawashi and choku. It is swung from arm hanging down with
a twist of the hips.
- nagashi zuki
- flowing punch while moving 45 degrees
- ren zuki
- alternate hands punching
- dan zuki
- consecutive punching with the same hand.
- morote zuki
- two handed punches
- yama zuki
- wide u punch, mountain punch
- awase suki
- u punch
- heiko zuki
- parallel punch
- hasami suki
- scissors punch
- uchi waza
- striking techniques
- koshubi uchi
- fist strikes
- otoshi uraken uchi
- downward back fist strike
- uchi uraken uchi
- outward back fist strike
- soto kentsui uchi
- inward hammer fist strike
- uchi kentsui uchi
- outward hammer fist strike
- otoshi kentsui uchi
- downward hammer fist strike
- kentsui hasami uchi
- double hammer fist strike
- kaisho uchi
- open hand strikes
- otoshi shuto uchi
- downward sword hand strike
- soto shuto uchi
- inward sword hand strike
- uchi shuto uchi
- outward sword hand strike
- soto haito uch
- inward ridge hand strike
- uchi haito uchi
- outward ridge hand strike
- age teisho uchi
- rising palm heel strike
- soto teisho uchi
- inward palm heel strike
- hiji uchi
- elbow strikes
- mae empi uchi
- forward elbow strike
- ushiro empi uchi
- back elbow strike
- yoko empi uchi
- side elbow strike
- tate empi uchi
- upward elbow strike
- otoshi empi uchi
- downward elbow strike
- yoko mawashi empi uchi
- side roundhouse empi uchi
- keri waza
- kicking techniques
- zenpo geri
- front kicks
- mae geri kekomi
- front thrust kick
- mae geri keage
- front snap kick (aka maegeri)
- mikazuki geri
- crescent kick
- mawashi geri
- roundhouse kick
- gyaku mawashi geri
- reverse roundhouse kick
- ura mawashi geri
- inverted roundhouse kick
- mae shittsui geri
- front knee kick
- mawashi shittsui geri
- roundhouse knee kick
- gyaku mawashi shittsui geri
- reverse roundhouse knee kick
- sokumen geri
- side kicks
- yoko geri keage (aka yoko keage)
- side snap kick
- yoko geri kekomi (aka yoko kekomi)
- side thrust kick
- fumikiri geri
- cutting kick
- fumikomi geri
- stamping kick
- yoko mawashi geri
- side roundhouse kick, i.e. with heel
- koho geri
- back kicks
- ushiro geri kekomi
- back thrust kick (aka ushiro geri)
- ushiro geri keage
- back snap kick
- ushiro mawashi geri
- back roundhouse kick
- ashi barai waza
- leg sweeping techniques
- deai ashi barai
- sweeping the advanced foot
- teisoku ashi barai
- sole leg sweep
- sokuto ashi barai
- sword leg sweep
- ushiro kakato ashi barai
- back of the heel legsweep
- soto kakato ashi barai
- side heel leg sweep
- kani basami barai
- crab claws sweep
Formal Exercises
- kata
- formal exercises
- kihon kata
- basic kata
- shitei kata
- standardized kata
- tokui kata
- choice kata
- tanren kata
- advanced kata (aka kaite kata)
- shorin
- lighter and longer
- shorei
- heavier and shorter
- yoi
- readiness
- hajime
- begin
- Heian:
- "Peaceful," shorin types
- Heian Shodan:
- introductory: basic blocks (upper, middle, and lower), basic attacks
(straight punch and downward hammer fist), basic shifting (straight, 45°,
90°, 180°, and 270°), 21 moves.
- Heian Nidan
- combinations, 26 moves.
- Heian Sandan
- settling in, relaxing arms, 20 moves.
- Heian Yondan
- more circular moves, 27 moves.
- Heian Godan
- summary, 23 moves.
- Tekki
- "Iron Horse," sideways movements, extensive use of kiba-dachi, shorei
types (aka naifanchi) (aka naihanchi).
- Tekki Shodan
- introductory, 29 moves.
- Tekki Nidan
- timing, 24 moves.
- Tekki Sandan
- fast hands, 36 moves.
- Bassai Dai
- "Penetrating A Fortress," quick changing techniques, shorin type, 42
moves.
- Kanku Dai
- "Gazing Skyward," large variety of moves, shorin type, 65 moves, (aka
Koshokun Dai) (aka Kwanku).
- Jitte
- "Ten Hands," strong, lots of hips, shorei type, 24 moves (aka Jutte).
- Hangetsu
- "Crescent Moon," much breathing, changes of speed, shorei type, 41 moves,
(aka Sei San) (aka Seishan).
- Empi
- "Flying Swallow," shorin type, 37 moves, (aka Wan Shu).
- Gankaku
- "Crane On A Rock," balance, linear, shorin type, 42 moves (aka Chinto).
- Jion
- named after a temple, varied, shorin type, 47 moves.
- Bassai Sho
- as before but more open hands and internal, shorin type, 27 moves.
- Kanku Sho
- as before but hands are closer, shorin type, 47 moves (aka Kushanku).
- Chintei
- "Curious Hands," shorin type, 33 moves (aka Shoin).
- Unsu
- "Hands In The Clouds," constantly changing and risky techniques, shorin
type, 48 moves.
- Sochin
- extensive use of fudo-dachi, shorei type, 40 moves (aka Hakko).
- Nijushiho
- "Twenty-Four Steps," meditative and tricky, shorin type, 33 moves, (aka
Niseishi).
- Gojushiho Sho
- "Fifty-Four Steps," ponderous, shorin type, 65 moves (aka Useshi) (aka
Hotaku).
- Gojushiho Dai
- as before but with ippon nukite and chudan waza, shorin type, 62 moves
(aka Useshi) (aka Hotaku).
- Meikyo
- "Bright Situation," "Perfect Mirror," subtle and smooth, shorin type, 32
moves (aka Rohai).
- Wankan
- powerful and short, shorei type, 24 moves (aka Shiotu Hito).
- Jiin
- like Jion, shorin type, 35 moves.
- taido
- deportment, demonstrating spirited etiquette and zanshin
- shisei
- position and posture of the body
- tachi
- kata stance
- kihon waza
- basic techniques
- chikara kyojaku
- correct application of power
- waza no kamkyu
- speed of techniques
- karada no shin shuku
- body expansion and contraction, as well as tension, relaxation, and
flexability
- embusen
- performance line of kata, path traced on floor, including starting and
ending in the same spot
- unkoku
- body movement, rhythm and fluidity
- waza no imi
- interpretation, meaning and demonstrating it
- renzoku-sei
- continuity, unity
- bunkai
- application of kata
- naore
- return to yoi
- yame
- finished
Sparring
- kumite
- sparring
- kihon kumite
- basic sparring (aka yakusoku kumite)
- ippon kumite
- one-step sparring
- sambon kumite
- three-step sparring
- gohon kumite
- five-step sparring
- jiyu ippon kumite
- semi-free sparring
- nandemo kumite
- sparring with the attack(s) unspecified
- jiyu kumite
- free sparring
- jitsuen kumite
- pre-arranged sparring, e.g. demonstrations
- jissen kumite
- actual fighting (aka jissai no kumite)
- shinken shobu
- fights to the death
- shobu
- competition
- shiai
- contest
- soatari shia
- round robin, for less than 7 contestants
- koten shia
- big point
- kachinuki shia
- winner continue
- tentori shia
- single elimination
- sun
- 3 cm
- sun dome
- arresting technique just before contact
- shen shu
- player (aka senshu)
- aite
- opponent
- kogeki
- to attack
- mamoru
- to defend
- tori
- attacker
- uke
- defender
- aka
- red (aka haka)
- shiro
- white
- shinpan
- referee (aka shushin) (aka gyoji)
- shimpan cho
- chief referee
- kansa
- arbitrator
- yobidashi
- announcer
- hajime
- begin
- shomen-ni rei
- bow to front
- naka ai
- enter ring
- otrogani rei
- bow to judges and to each other
- yoi
- readiness (aka junbi)
- shobu ippon hajime
- "one-point sparring, begin!" Referee: stands
- shobu sambon hajime
- "three-point sparring, begin!" Referee: stands
- tsuzukete hajime
- begin again. Referee: from zenkutsu dachi, draws hands from wide apart to
palms together in front.
- atoshibaraku
- 30 sec till the end of the match
- moto no ichi
- contestant(s) return to starting positions
- yame
- stop, temporarily. Referee: drops vertical hand from above head to
forward, between opponents.
- jikan
- time out
- fukushin shugo
- judges' conference. Referee: from hands extended sideways and palms up, to
bent elbows with palms facing head.
- toranai
- no point. Referee: criss-crosses lowered hands, palms down. (aka
torimasen)
- taiming ga osoi
- timing is off. Referee: from one hand palm forward and one shoulder width
to the side of the same shoulder, through a circular motion starting upward
and inward, with the hand finishing two shoulder widths to the side of the
same shoulder.
- maai ga tooi
- not proper distance. Referee: from hands at waist level and palms facing
each other, to a wider position.
- nukete iru
- out of target. Referee: fist passing back and forth alongside head or
body.
- ukete iru
- blocked. Referee: with elbows close to body, one hands slaps onto forearm
of other arm whose hand is in a fist.
- yowai
- weak focus. Referee: one hand forward, palm down, dropping.
- aiuchi
- clash. Referee: knuckles of fists meeting together in front of stomach.
Judge: tops of flags together and horizontal.
- jogai
- out of ring, the first offense is a caution, the second is a warning, the
third is a foul. Judge: blows whistle and taps flag to floor.
- fujubun
- not enough power. Judge: criss-crosses lowered flags.
- mienai
- could not see. Judge: places flags in front of eyes in an "x" shape.
- attate iru
- contact; may be nothing, a warning, or a foul. Referee: smacks fist into
palm.
- chui
- warning. Counts as a negative yuko. Referee: points finger at offender's
knees. Judge: swings flag of offender in small circle high above head.
- shido
- a small violation of the rules.
- awasete chui
- a second shido, that may make a chui.
- jogai nakae
- out of ring the first the first time, a shido. Referee: as in chui.
Judge: taps flag at ringside floor. (aka jogai shido)
- jogai chui
- out of ring the second time, an awasete chui. Referee: as in chui.
Judge: taps flag at ringside floor.
- jogai hansoku
- out of ring the third time, counts as a wazari for the non-offendor.
- mubobi chui
- warning for contestant acting without regard for safety, 1st offense or
mild offense. This type of ruling is often just called out as hansoku chui.
Referee: as in chui. Judge: swings flag of offender in small circle high
above head.
- mubobi hansoku
- foul for contestant acting without regard for safety, 2nd offense or
glaring offense. Counts as a wazari or a win for the non-offendor. This type
of ruling is often just called out as hansoku. Referee: points finger at
offender's head. Judge: swings flag of offender in large circle high above
head.
- hansoku chui
- warning for behaviour forbidden by tournament rules, 1st offense or mild
offense. Referee: as in chui. Judge: swings flag of offender in small circle
high above head.
- hansoku
- foul for behaviour forbidden by tournament rules, 2nd offense or glaring
offense. Counts as a wazari or a win for the non-offendor. Referee: points
finger at offender's head. Judge: swings flag of offender in large circle
high above head. (aka hansoku make) (aka keikoku)
- enchosen
- extension to the match
- fusensho
- forfeit
- yame soremade
- stop, the end of the match
- hantei
- decision. Referee: blow whistle lightly, then loudly quickly.
- yuko
- technique that is not as good as a waza ari
- waza ari
- an effective technique
- wazari
- half-point. Referee: swings hand from palm on opposite shoulder, towards
the scoring contestants' knees. Judge: points flag, shoulder height, at the
scoring opponent.
- ippon
- one-point. Referee: raises hand, on scoring opponent's side, from side
to high above head. Judge: raises the flag of the scoring contestant to high
above head.
- awasete waza
- combining the scores of two techniques so that they score as one.
- awasete ippon
- two wazari combined to score as ippon.
- hikiwake
- draw. Referee: drops hands from folded across chest to down on either
side. Judge: raises flags above in an "x" shape.
- aka (shiro) no kachi
- red (white) wins. Referee: raises hand, palms forward, in direction over
the winner's head.
- shiro (aka) hansoku, aka (shiro) no kachi
- white (red) fouls, thus red(white) wins. Referee: as in hansoku, then as
in aka (shiro) no kachi.
- shiro/aka kiken-niyori, aka/shiro no kachi
- white/red forfeits, thus red/white wins. Referee: as in aka (shiro) no
kachi.
School
-
- yoroi kumiuchi
- wrestling in armor
- kempo
- the collective unarmed martial arts (aka yawarra) (aka tai jutsu) (aka jiu
jutsu)
- karate
- "empty hand," formerly "Chinese hand"; weaponless martial art of
Okinawan-Japanese origin. Divided into non-competitive or competitive. The
competive category is further
- karateka
- practicioner of karate
- shoshinsha
- initiate, the junior students
- yudansha
- the senior students
- kyu
- "boy," color belt, non-black belt
- dan
- "man," black belt
- kyohai
- those of lesser rank (aka kinteki)
- kompai
- those of roughly equivalent rank (aka doryo)
- sempai
- those of greater rank
- shoshei
- student
- uchi deshi
- resident student
- sensei
- "born before" "one who has gone before" the instructor (an honorific)
- shihan
- master
- soke
- leader, head
- o sensei
- most honorable instructor (reserved for founders and the like) (aka
kancho)
- Bodhidharma
- (aka Daruma) (aka Ta Mo)
- Azato Yatsune
- Itosu Ankho
- Funakoshi Gichin
- of Shotokan
- Higaonna Kanryo
- of Goju ryu
- Miyagi Chogun
- of Goju ryu
- Mabuni Kenwa
- of Shito ryu
- Ohtsuka Hironori
- of Wado ryu
- Oyama Masutasu
- Nanbu Yoshinao
- shihan kai
- technical committee
- tenshin sho
- divine intervention in the generational passing of knowledge and tradition
- dojo
- place where an art is taught, a school
- ryu
- a school or style
- shaolin
- Buddist monastery in China (aka siu lum)
- wushu
- Chinese martial arts (aka kung fu)
- nei chia
- internal school of wushu, soft style. Eg: Pa Kua, tai chi chuan
- wai chia
- external school of wushu, hard style
- to de
- Okinawan martial art (aka Okinawa te) (aka tote)
- naha te
- school of to de, a shorei ryu
- tomari te
- school of to de, a shorin ryu
- shuri te
- school of to de, a shorin ryu
- shotokan
- "Reed Pen Club", founded by Funakoshi Gichin (Shoto was his pen name).
The dominant style of karate. (aka karate)
- goju ryu
- "hard-soft school", a development from naha te founded by Miyagi Chojun,
modified by Yamaguchi Gogen. Characterized by hara ki and kakate.
- shorin ryu
- "Flexible Pine School", the synthesis of tomari te and shuri te.
- wado ryu
- "the school of peace", founded by Ohtsuka Hironori. Characterized by
quick and fast evasion, whip like attacks, and short stances.
- shito ryu
- founded by Mabuni Kenwa. Characterized by many katas and medium stances.
- uechi ryu
- founded by Uechi Kanbun.
- shotokai
- a non-competitive split from shotokan
- kyokushinkai
- founded by Oyama Mas. Characterized by knock down sparring, i.e. full
contact without protective gear.
- sato juku
- Characterized by knock down sparring, i.e. full contact without
protective gear.
- rembu kai
- Characterized by contact type sparring using protective equipment
- daido juku
- Characterized by contact type sparring using protective equipment
- shukokai
- sankukai
- nanbudo
- ishin ryu
- kempo
- empty handed martial art involving karate and throws
- taikyokuken
- a slow fluid style
- shorinji kempo
- founded by Doshin So, a vigorous style involving partners
- nihon kempo
- a style developed from jujutsu atemi waza (aka dai nippon kempo)
- shiajo
- match area. Ideally a square an 8 m square, with the 1 m wide contestant
starting position lines being 3 m apart from each other. This square should be
surrounded by a 2 m safety area.
- tatami
- floor mats
- makiwara
- striking post
- nafuda
- name tags
- soji
- clean up
- junbi undo
- warm up exercises
- seiri undo
- warm down exercises
- hojo undo
- supplementary exercises, conditioning
- gasshuku
- special training
- kakie
- sticky or pushing hands
- yoi
- readiness (aka junbi)
- kio tsuke
- attention
- rei
- salute
- ritsurei
- standing salute, back straight, around 30 degrees
- zarei
- kneeling salute, back straight, bowing low
- rei san soku
- "three breath bowing," inhale going down, exhale and pause at the bottom,
and inhale coming up
- seiza
- kneeling-sitting with back straight, heels to buttocks. Go down left knee
first. Stand up right leg first.
- dojo kun
- "school oath," standards of the school
- hitotsu! jinkaku kansei ni tsutomuru koto
- "One! Seek perfection of character," or "One! Character," or "One! We
shall endeavor to build our character"
- hitotsu! makoto no michi o mamoru koto
- "One! Be faithful," or "One! Sincerity," or "One! We shall be faithul in
our study"
- hitotsu! doryoku no seishin o yashinau koto
- "One! Endeavor," or "One! Effort," or "One! We shall cultivate courage and
tenacity"
- hitotsu! reigi o omonzuru koto
- "One! Respect others," or "One! Etiquette," or "We shall attach great
importance to etiquette"
- hitotsu! kekki no yu o imahimuru koto
- "One! Refrain from violent behaviour," or "One! Self-Control," or "One! We
shall be wary of foolishness"
- hai
- yes, that's right
- iie
- no, that's wrong
- dame
- no good
- ichi
- one (aka shodan) (aka hitotsu)
- ni
- two
- san
- three
- shi
- four
- go
- five
- rokku
- six
- shichi
- seven
- hachi
- eight
- ku
- nine
- ju
- ten
- ju-ichi
- eleven
- ni-ju
- twenty
- ni-ju-ichi
- twenty-one
- obi
- belt, wrap around twice and be tie with a square knot. Usual tip length:
15 cm.
- gi
- uniform, must be clean and white. At least half of the buttocks, lower
leg, and forearm should be covered. (aka dogi) (aka keiko-gi)
- eri
- collar, lapel
- yoko eri
- neck side of the lapel
- mae eri
- front of the lapel
- sode
- sleeve
- nake sode
- shoulder end of sleeve
- sode guchi
- cuff end of the sleeve
- suso
- pants leg
- suso guchi
- cuff end of the pants leg
- suashi
- bare feet
- kakete
- forearm toughening
- shinsa
- exam
- tameshiwari
- to test by breaking
The Way
- do
- the way
- budo
- the way of the warrior
- bujitsu
- martial or military techniques
- bushi
- warrior
- zen
- non-fixation
- sei
- tranquility, inactivity, state of reserve (aka tai)
- do
- movement, activity, state of activity (aka ken)
- do-sei
- alternating, inside-outside, mind-body (aka ken-tai)
- yin yang
- duality
- dai
- greater of a pair
- sho
- lesser of a pair
- kara
- empty; chinese
- chikara
- strength, esp physical
- seishin
- mind and spirit
- shin
- mind
- zanshin
- "Continuing mind." State of relaxed alertness, unbroken concentration,
remaining mind, or awareness, automatic awareness, especially after a
technique is executed.
- mubobi
- contestant fails to protect himself, a lack of zanshin.
- mushin
- no mind, undisturbed mind, nonanalytical thinking in uregent situations, a
state of spontaneous response
- fudoshin
- immovable mind
- mizu no kokoro
- mind like water
- zuki no kokoro
- mind like the moon
- kamaitte
- action, usu. at the start of repititions
- mokuso
- meditation, contemplation
- samadhi
- total absorption
- satori
- ultimate knowledge, enlightenment
- jin
- benevolence
- chi
- wisdom
- rei
- propriety
- yu
- courage (aka tan)
- gi
- rigteousness
- giri
- a debt of gratitude
- makoto
- sincerity
- meiyo
- honor
- shinto o mekkyaku sureba hi mo mata suzushi
- "Even flames are cool for those who clear their minds of unnecessary
thoughts."
- manabite omowazareba sunawachi kurashi
- "Books in themselves are of little value without reason."
- michi ni oite wa shi o itowazu
- "An expert fears not even death itself."
- zengo saidan
- "Rid yourself of the past and the future."
- mizukara hikuu sureba tattoshi
- "Respect comes to those who are meek."
- chini ite ran wasurezu
- "Remain ready for war even in times of peace."
- mudu na waza no waste of technique
- seiryoku zenyo
- "Efficient use of energy." A judo phrase.
- jita kyoei
- "Advantage both for oneself and for others." A judo phrase.
- ichi gan, no soku, san tan, shi riki
- "Eyes first, footwork second, courage third, strength fourth." A kendo
phrase.
- shu ba ri
- the three stages to mastery: (1) Learn and follow the rules and exercises.
(2) Ignore the exercises and develop techniques that suit you. (3) Develop
your own strategy in complete freedom.
- enzan no metsuke
- observe the metsuke (point or part of opponent being observed) as one
would an enzan (distant mountain). A kendo phrase.
- san sappo
- the three ways to succeed in an attack: render ineffective his defence,
surpass his technique, and smother his spirit. A kendo phrase.
- shin tai waza
- unity of spirt, body, and technique
- skin ren, tai ren, chi ren
- control the mind, achieve physical fitness, learn as mush as possible.
- karate ni sentenashi
- no first attack in karate
- ko sho ittai
- all defenses are attacks
- kikioji micuzure futanren
- the three fears that lead to defeat: (1) Fear because of the opponent's
reputation. (2) Fear because the opponent looks wild and strong. (3) Fear
because feeling inadequate in training and experience.
- sessa takuma
- cut the stone and polish the jewel
- wa
- karmic energy
- ki
- intrinsic energy, vitality
- kihaku
- spirit
- kiai
- shout that focuses ki and physical power
- kime
- focused finish, decisiveness
- ikken hissats
- to kill in one blow
- hyoshi
- rhythm, timing
- kokyu
- breathing
- ibuki
- controlled breathing
- in
- inaudible breathing
- yoi
- audible breahing
- maai
- distance
- me no tsukekata
- fixing the eyes
- waza o hodokoso koki
- the psychological moment of the technique execution
- sen
- initiative
- sen no sen
- seizing the initiative earlier; attack on one's own (aka ken no sen)
- tai no sen
- attack from kamai; tactics first and techniques second
- yu no sen
- attack during movement; techniques first and tactics second
- ichibyoshi
- to strike in one breath
- ni no koshi no hyoshi
- to strike in two beats
- go no sen
- seizing the initiative later; attack when the enemy attacks (aka tai no
sen)
- taitai no sen
- seizing the initiative both earlier and later
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